A feedback simulation procedure for real-time control of urban drainage systems

This paper presents a feedback simulation procedure for the real-time control (RTC) of urban drainage systems (UDS) with the aim of providing accurate state evolutions to the RTC optimizer as well as illustrating the optimization performance in a virtual reality. Model predictive control (MPC) has been implemented to generate optimal solutions for the multiple objectives of UDS using a simplified conceptual model. A high-fidelity simulator InfoWorks ICM is used to carry on the simulation based on a high level detailed model of a UDS. Communication between optimizer and simulator is realized in a feedback manner, from which both the state dynamics and the optimal solutions have been implemented through realistic demonstrations. In order to validate the proposed procedure, a real pilot based on Badalona UDS has been applied as the case study.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Integrated pollution-based real-time control of sanitation systems

© 2020. ElsevierAn integrated pollution-based real-time control (RTC) approach is proposed for a sewer network (SN) integrated with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in a sanitation system (SS) to mitigate the impacts of pollution from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) on ecosystems. To obtain the optimal solution for the SS while considering both quantity and quality dynamics for multiple objectives, model predictive control (MPC) is selected as the optimal control method. To integrate SN and WWTP management, a feedback coordination algorithm is developed. A closed-loop virtual-reality simulator is used to assess the results of the optimal management approach achieved by applying MPC. The Badalona SS (Spain) provides a pilot case study to assess the efficacy and applicability of the proposed approach. A comparison with local rule-based and volume-based control strategies currently in use indicates that the proposed integrated pollution-based RTC approach can reduce the pollutant loads released to the receiving environment.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

A feedback simulation procedure for real-time control of urban drainage systems

Trabajo presentado en el 1st IFAC Workshop on Control Methods for Water Resource Systems CMWRS, celebrado en Delft (Países Bajos), los días 19 y 20 de septiembre de 2019This paper presents a feedback simulation procedure for the real-time control (RTC) of urban drainage systems (UDS) with the aim of providing accurate state evolutions to the RTC optimizer as well as illustrating the optimization performance in a virtual reality. Model predictive control (MPC) has been implemented to generate optimal solutions for the multiple objectives of UDS using a simplified conceptual model. A high-fidelity simulator InfoWorks ICM is used to carry on the simulation based on a high level detailed model of a UDS. Communication between optimizer and simulator is realized in a feedback manner, from which both the state dynamics and the optimal solutions have been implemented through realistic demonstrations. In order to validate the proposed procedure, a real pilot based on Badalona UDS has been applied as the case study.The authors wish to thank the support by the European Commission research grant of project LIFE EFFIDRAIN (LIFE14 ENV/ES/000860), also thank the support from Spanish national project DEOCS (DPI2016-76493-C3-3-R). The authors also want to thank Aigües de Barcelona for the financial and technical support. This work is also supported by the Spanish State Research Agency through the María de Maeztu Seal of Excellence to IRI (MDM-2016-0656)

Control-oriented quality modelling approach of sewer networks

A control-oriented quality modeling approach is proposed for sewer networks, which can represent quality dynamics using simple equations in order to optimize pollution load from combined sewer overflows in large scale sewer network in real time. Total suspended solid has been selected as the quality indicator, regarding it is easy to be estimated through measuring turbidity and correlated with other quality indicators. The model equations are independent for different elements in sewer network, which allows a scalable usage. In order to ensure accuracy of the proposed models, a calibration procedure and a sensitivity analysis have been presented using data generated by virtual reality simulation. Afterwards, a quality-based model predictive control has been developed based on the proposed models. To validate effectiveness and efficiency of the modelling and optimization approaches, a pilot case, based on the Badalona sewer network in Spain is used. Application results under different scenarios show that the control-oriented modelling approach works properly to cope with quality dynamics in sewers. The quality-based optimization approach can provide strategies in reducing pollution loads in real time.The authors wish to acknowledge the support from the European Commission research grant of project LIFE EFFIDRAIN (LIFE14 ENV/ES/000860), from Spanish national project DEOCS (DPI2016-76493-C3-3-R) and the internal project TWINs from the CISC (Spanish State Research Agency) through the María de Maeztu Seal of Excellence to IRI (MDM-2016-0656). The authors also thank Aigües de Barcelona for their financial and technical support. Considering the fact that data, models and tools used in this research are confidential or commercial, we refer other researchers to contact SUEZ Spain Group (for access to detailed, simplified models; the Closed-loop Simulation Framework software; and the rain data) and Innovyze (for licenses to InfoWorks ICM). Also appreciate for the support from NWO (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research) Sectorplan for Beta and Technology Programme in Wageningen Universit

An integrated software architecture for the pollution-based real-time control of urban drainage systems

This paper presents a complete methodology for the development of an integrated software architecture, which can achieve a closed-loop application between the integrated real-time control (RTC) and a virtual reality simulation for the urban drainage system (UDS). Quality measurements are considered during the simulation and optimization process. Model predictive control (MPC) and rule-based control (RBC) are the two main RTC methods embedded in this architecture. The proposed integration environment allows the different software components to efficiently and effectively communicate and work in a system-wide way, as well as to execute all the necessary steps regarding input parameter management, scenario configuration and results extraction. The proposed approaches are implemented into a pilot based on the Badalona UDS (Spain). Results from different scenarios with individual control approaches and rain episodes are evaluated and discussed.The authors want to thank the Spanish national project DEOCS (DPI2016-76493-C3-3-R) and the European Commission research grant of project LIFE EFFIDRAIN (LIFE14 ENV/ES/000860) for the received support. Besides, the authors are grateful for support from Aigües de Barcelona. This work is also supported by the Spanish State Research Agency through the María de Maeztu Seal of Excellence to IRI (MDM-2016-0656)

Integrated pollution-based real-time control of sanitation systems

An integrated pollution-based real-time control (RTC) approach is proposed for a sewer network (SN) integrated with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in a sanitation system (SS) to mitigate the impacts of pollution from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) on ecosystems. To obtain the optimal solution for the SS while considering both quantity and quality dynamics for multiple objectives, model predictive control (MPC) is selected as the optimal control method. To integrate SN and WWTP management, a feedback coordination algorithm is developed. A closed-loop virtual-reality simulator is used to assess the results of the optimal management approach achieved by applying MPC. The Badalona SS (Spain) provides a pilot case study to assess the efficacy and applicability of the proposed approach. A comparison with local rule-based and volume-based control strategies currently in use indicates that the proposed integrated pollution-based RTC approach can reduce the pollutant loads released to the receiving environment.The authors wish to acknowledge the support from the European Commission research grant of project LIFE EFFIDRAIN (LIFE14 ENV/ES/000860), from Spanish national project DEOCS (MINECO DPI 2016-76493) and the internal project TWINs from the Spanish State Research Agency through the María de Maeztu Seal of Excellence to IRI (MDM-2016-0656). The authors also thank Aigües de Barcelona for their financial and technical support. Considering the fact that data, models and tools used in this research are confidential or commercial, we refer other researchers to contact SUEZ Spain Group (for access to detailed, simplified models; the Closed-loop Simulation Framework software; and the rain data) and Innovyze (for licenses to InfoWorks ICM)

An integrated software architecture for the pollution-based real-time control of urban drainage systems

This paper presents a complete methodology for the development of an integrated software architecture, which can achieve a closed-loop application between the integrated real-time control (RTC) and a virtual reality simulation for the urban drainage system (UDS). Quality measurements are considered during the simulation and optimization process. Model predictive control (MPC) and rule-based control (RBC) are the two main RTC methods embedded in this architecture. The proposed integration environment allows the different software components to efficiently and effectively communicate and work in a system-wide way, as well as to execute all the necessary steps regarding input parameter management, scenario configuration and results extraction. The proposed approaches are implemented into a pilot based on the Badalona UDS (Spain). Results from different scenarios with individual control approaches and rain episodes are evaluated and discussed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version